Очкыч

Очкыч (шулай ук аэроплан) — атмосферада очу өчен кулланылган һавадан авыррак очучы машина. Очыш машинаның тарту көчен тудырган моторы һәм күтәрү көчен тудыручы канаты нигизендә оештырыла. Очкыч канаты башка өлешләренә карата хәрәкәтсез була.

Дубай халыкара һава аланындагы Боинг 777 очкычлары

Тарих

Көч тудыру нәтиҗәсендәге очыш

The Bleriot VIII design of 1908 was an early aircraft design that had the modern monoplane tractor configuration. It had movable tail surfaces controlling both yaw and pitch, a form of roll control supplied either by wing warping or by ailerons and controlled by its pilot with a joystick and rudder bar. It was an important predecessor of his later Bleriot XI Channel-crossing aircraft of the summer of 1909.

Aircraft with people and buildings (circa 1910-1940, Texas, Harry Walker, photographer)

World War I served as a testbed for the use of the aircraft as a weapon. Initially seen by the generals as a "toy", aircraft demonstrated their potential as mobile observation platforms, then proved themselves to be machines of war capable of causing casualties to the enemy. The earliest known aerial victory with a synchronised machine gun-armed fighter aircraft occurred in 1915, by German Luftstreitkräfte Leutnant Kurt Wintgens. Fighter aces appeared; the greatest (by number of air victories) was Manfred von Richthofen.

Following WWI, aircraft technology continued to develop. Alcock and Brown crossed the Atlantic non-stop for the first time in 1919. The first commercial flights took place between the United States and Canada in 1919.

Aircraft had a presence in all the major battles of World War II. They were an essential component of the military strategies of the period, such as the German Blitzkrieg or the American and Japanese aircraft carrier campaigns of the Pacific.

The first jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178, which was tested in 1939. In 1943, the Messerschmitt Me 262, the first jet fighter aircraft, went into service in the German Luftwaffe. In October 1947, the Bell X-1 was the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound.^{[чыганагы?]}

In 1948-49, aircraft transported supplies during the Berlin Blockade. New aircraft types, such as the B-52, were produced during the Cold War.

The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet, was in commercial service for more than 50 years, from 1958 to 2010. The Boeing 747 was the world's biggest passenger aircraft from 1970 until it was surpassed by the Airbus A380 in 2005. -->

Хәрәкәтсез канатлы очкычлар класслары

Очкыч

Кыска күзәтү

Идарә итү

Гади җиңел очкычның пилот рубкасы

Канатлар саны

Трипланнар һәм күп-санлы параллель яссылыклы канатлары булган очкычлар

Беренче Бөтендөнья сугышында кулланылган Fokker Dr.I трипланның оча алучы репродукциясе

Канат геометриясе

Үзгәрүче геометрия

Ике Dassault Mirage G прототиплары, берсенең канаты ук килешә китерелгән

Рама конфигурациясе

Очучы канат

The US-produced B-2 Spirit, a strategic bomber using a flying wing configuration which is capable of intercontinental missions

Канат белән берләшкән фюзеляж

Computer-generated model of the Boeing X-48

Хәрәкәт тудыручы көч

Пропеллерлы двигатель

An Antonov An-2 biplane

Реактив көч тудыручы двигатель

The Concorde supersonic airliner

Ракета двигателләре

Bell X-1 in flight, 1947

Ramjet һәм scramjet двигателләре

Artist's concept of X-43A with scramjet attached to the underside

Искәрмәләр

• In 1903, when the Wright brothers used the word "aeroplane," it meant wing, not the whole aircraft. See text of their patent. U.S. Patent 821,393 – Wright brothers' patent for "Flying Machine"

Әдәбият

• Blatner, David. The Flying Book: Everything You've Ever Wondered About Flying On Airplanes. ISBN 0-8027-7691-4

Сылтамалар

• The Aeroplane centre
• Airliners.net
• Aerospaceweb.org
• How Airplanes Work – Howstuffworks.com
• Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's How Things Fly website