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==Җир тышында==
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[[File:Panspermie.svg|thumb|Панспермия гипотезасы]]
<!-- Earth is the only planet known to harbor life. The [[Drake equation]], which predicts the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy with which we might come in contact, has been used to discuss the probability of life elsewhere, but scientists disagree on many of the values of variables in this equation.
--> <!-- <ref name=vakoch_harrison2011> {{Cite book | first1=Douglas A. | last1=Vakoch | first2=Albert A. | last2=Harrison
| title=Civilizations beyond Earth: extraterrestrial life and society
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| url=http://books.google.com/?id=BVJzsvqWip0C&pg=PA37
| isbn=0857452118
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The region around a [[main sequence star]] that could support Earth-like life on an Earth-like planet is known as the [[habitable zone]]. The inner and outer radii of this zone vary with the luminosity of the star, as does the time interval during which the zone will survive. Stars more massive than the Sun have a larger habitable zone, but will remain on the main sequence for a shorter time interval during which life can evolve. Small [[red dwarf]] stars have the opposite problem, with a smaller habitable zone that is subject to higher levels of magnetic activity and the effects of [[tidal locking]] from close orbits. Hence, stars in the intermediate mass range such as the Sun may have a greater likelihood for Earth-like life to develop.
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<ref name=selis2006>{{Cite book
| first1=Frank | last1=Selis | year=2006
| chapter=Habitability: the point of view of an astronomer
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| publisher=Springer | isbn=3540336923 | pages=210–214
| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3uYmP0K5PXEC&pg=PA210
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{{inconsistent citations}} --> }} </ref> --> <!-- The location of the star within a galaxy may have an impact on the likelihood of life forming. Stars in regions of a galaxy that have a greater abundance of heavier elements that can form planets, in combination with a low rate of potentially habitat-damaging [[supernova]] events, are predicted to have a higher probability of hosting planets with complex life.--> <!-- <ref name=science303_5654_59>{{Cite journal | last1=Lineweaver | first1=Charles H. | last2=Fenner | first2=Yeshe
| last3=Gibson | first3=Brad K. | month=January | year=2004
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| doi=10.1126/science.1092322 | bibcode=2004Sci...303...59L
| pmid=14704421
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[[Panspermia]], also called exogenesis, is a [[hypothesis]] proposing that life originated elsewhere in the universe and was subsequently transferred to Earth in the form of [[spore]]s perhaps via meteorites, [[comet]]s or [[cosmic dust]]. In October 2011, scientists found that the cosmic dust permeating the universe contains complex organic matter ("amorphous organic solids with a mixed [[aromatic]]-[[aliphatic]] structure") that could be created naturally, and rapidly, by stars.<ref name="Space-20111026">{{cite web |last=Chow |first=Denise |title=Discovery: Cosmic Dust Contains Organic Matter from Stars |url=http://www.space.com/13401-cosmic-star-dust-complex-organic-compounds.html |date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2011-10-26 }}</ref><ref name="ScienceDaily-20111026">{{cite web |author=[[ScienceDaily]] Staff |title=Astronomers Discover Complex Organic Matter Exists Throughout the Universe |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111026143721.htm |date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=[[ScienceDaily]] |accessdate=2011-10-27 }}</ref><ref name="Nature-20111026">{{cite journal |last1=Kwok |first1=Sun |last2=Zhang |first2=Yong |title=Mixed aromatic–aliphatic organic nanoparticles as carriers of unidentified infrared emission features |date=October 26, 2011 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/nature10542 |bibcode=2011Natur.479...80K |volume=479 |issue=7371 |pages=80}}</ref> As one of the scientists noted, "[[Coal]] and [[kerogen]] are products of life and it took a long time for them to form ... How do stars make such complicated organics under seemingly unfavorable conditions and [do] it so rapidly?"<ref name="Space-20111026"/> Further, the scientist suggested that these compounds may have been related to the development of life on earth and said that, "If this is the case, life on Earth may have had an easier time getting started as these organics can serve as basic ingredients for life."<ref name="Space-20111026"/>
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==Үлем==
{{Main|Үлем}}
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