Wikipedia

Алма әчелеге

Алма әчелеге (НООС-СН2-СН(ОН)-СООН) - ике нигезле оксикарбон әчелеге; тозлары малатлар дип атала. Җитешмәгән алма, йөзем, миләш, барбарис, кура җиләге, әфлисун, мандарин, лимон һ.б.н. эчендә бар. Азык-төлек сәнәгатендә (азык өстәмәсе буларак), медицинада кулланыла.

Алма әчелеге
Химическая структура
Масса 134,022 м.а.б.[1]
Химик фурмула C₄H₆O₅[1][2]
SMILES фурмуласы C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O[1]
Нинди таксонда бар R. rosea[d][3], E. cannabinum[d][4], P. edulis[d][5], P. balsamifera[d][6], F. agraria[d][7], F. capreolata[d][7], F. densiflora[d][7], F. muralis[d][7], F. officinalis[d][7], F. parviflora[d][7], F. vaillantii[d][7], L. luteus[d][8], A. arguta[d][9], A. chinensis[d][9], A. hemsleyana[d][9], A. polygama[d][9], A. vera[d][10][11], A. unedo[d][12], B. vulgaris[d][13], C. sinensis[d][14], C. roseus[d][15], G. hirsutum[d][16], H. perforatum[d][17], I. batatas[d][18], L. cooperi[d][19], M. indica[d][20], M. esculenta[d][21], M. nigra[d][22], O. ficus-indica[d][23][24], P. ostreatus[d][25], P. lasiocarpa[d][26], P. oleracea[d][27], P. mume[d][28], R. spinosissima[d][29], S. officinarum[d][30], S. ebulus[d][31], S. nigra[d][31], S. tuberosum[32], T. erecta[d][33], T. patula[d][33], T. speciosa[d][34], T. transcaucasicus[d][35], V. myrtillus[d][36], V. oxycoccos[d][36], V. vitis-idaea[36], D. magna[d][37], Chlamydomonas reinhardtii[d][38], D. huoshanense[d][39], R. nisami[d][40], C. sativa[d][41], P. candicans[d][6], P. hastatus[d][42], C. hastata[d][42], R. hybridum[d][43][44], P. avium[45], A. melanocarpa[46][47][48][…], V. macrocarpon[d][49][50][51], D. officinale[d][39], P. spicatus[d][7], S. lehmannii[d][52], R. pulverulenta[d][40], L. meyenii[d][53], A. thaliana[d][54], P. alba[d][6], P. spicata[d][7], S. lehmanni[d][52], A. americana[d][55] һәм C. elegans[d][56][57]
Тәэсир итешә Polycystin 2 like 1, transient receptor potential cation channel[d][58]
 Алма әчелеге Викиҗыентыкта

Искәрмәләр

үзгәртү
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 malic acid
  2. ↑ Яблочная кислота // Малая советская энциклопедия / мөхәррир Н. Л. Мещеряков — 2 — Советская энциклопедия, 1936.
  3. ↑ Kurkin V. A., Zapesochnaya G. G., Klyaznika V. G. Flavonoids of the rhizomes ofRhodiola rosea. I. Tricin glucosides // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 1982. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00575035
  4. ↑ Lexa A, Fleurentin J, PR L. et al. Choleretic and hepatoprotective properties of Eupatorium cannabinum in the rat. // Planta Med. — Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany), 1989. — ISSN 0032-0943; 1439-0221 — doi:10.1055/S-2006-961904 — PMID:2748727
  5. ↑ KOZUKUE E., KOZUKUE N., KUROSAKI T. Organic Acid, Sugar and Amino Acid Composition of Bamboo Shoots // Journal of Food Science — Institute of Food Technologists, 2006. — ISSN 0022-1147; 1750-3841 — doi:10.1111/J.1365-2621.1983.TB14934.X
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Polyakov V. V., Orlov V. K., R. Zh. Shukenova et al. Carboxylic acids ofPopulus balsamifera // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00576226
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 7,8 J. Soušek, D. Guédon, T. Adam et al. Alkaloids and organic acids content of eightFumaria species // Phytochem. Anal. — Wiley, 2002. — ISSN 0958-0344; 1099-1565 — <6::AID-PCA431>3.0.CO;2-0 doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199901/02)10:1<6::AID-PCA431>3.0.CO;2-0
  8. ↑ C. Barbas, J. A. Lucas García, F. J. Gutiérrez Mañero Separation and identification of organic acids in root exudates ofLupinus luteus by capillary zone electrophoresis // Phytochem. Anal. — Wiley, 2005. — ISSN 0958-0344; 1099-1565 — <55::AID-PCA437>3.0.CO;2-I doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199903/04)10:2<55::AID-PCA437>3.0.CO;2-I
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Boyes S., Strübi P., Marsh H. Sugar and Organic Acid Analysis of Actinidia arguta and Rootstock–Scion Combinations of Actinidia arguta // Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. — Elsevier BV, 2002. — ISSN 0023-6438; 1096-1127 — doi:10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201
  10. ↑ Aloe Vera — 2019. — doi:10.21019/PFDI.ALOEVERA
  11. ↑ Aloe vera — 2020. — doi:10.32388/D6856Y
  12. ↑ F.A. Ayaz, M. Kucukislamoglu, M. Reunanen Sugar, Non-volatile and Phenolic Acids Composition of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L. var.ellipsoidea ) Fruits // J. Food Comp. Anal. — Elsevier BV, 2002. — ISSN 0889-1575; 1096-0481 — doi:10.1006/JFCA.1999.0868
  13. ↑ SUGAR BEET (Beta vulgaris) — 2008. — doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_2617
  14. ↑ M.-Y Ding, P.-R Chen, G.-A Luo Simultaneous determination of organic acids and inorganic anions in tea by ion chromatography // J. Chromatogr. A — Elsevier BV, 2002. — ISSN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 — doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00910-7
  15. ↑ Marigo G., Bouyssou H., Belkoura M. Vacuolar efflux of malate and its influence of nitrate accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cells // Plant Science — Elsevier BV, 2003. — ISSN 0168-9452; 1873-2259 — doi:10.1016/0168-9452(85)90099-8
  16. ↑ Timpa J. D., Burke J. J. Monitoring organic acids and carbohydrates in cotton leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 2005. — 4 p. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF00071A036
  17. ↑ S G von Eggelkraut-Gottanka, Abed S. A., W Müller et al. Quantitative analysis of the active components and the by-products of eight dry extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's Wort). // Phytochem. Anal. — Wiley, 2002. — ISSN 0958-0344; 1099-1565 — doi:10.1002/PCA.638 — PMID:12099108
  18. ↑ Picha D. H. Organic acid determination in sweet potatoes by HPLC // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 2005. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF00064A045
  19. ↑ T Pohl, C Koorbanally, Crouch N. R. et al. Secondary metabolites of Scilla plumbea, Ledebouria cooperi and Ledebouria ovatifolia (Hyacinthaceae). // Biochem. Syst. Ecol. — Elsevier BV, 2001. — ISSN 0305-1978; 1873-2925 — doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00027-8 — PMID:11412959
  20. ↑ UEDA M., SASAKI K., UTSUNOMIYA N. et al. Changes in Physical and Chemical Properties during Maturation of Mango Fruit(Mangifera indica L. 'Irwin') Cultured in a Plastic Greenhouse. // Food Science and Technology Research — Karger Publishers, 2007. — ISSN 1344-6606; 1341-7592; 1881-3976; 1881-3984 — doi:10.3136/FSTR.6.299
  21. ↑ Lalaguna F. Purification of fresh cassava root polyphenols by solid-phase extraction with Amberlite XAD-8 resin // J. Chromatogr. A — Elsevier BV, 2002. — ISSN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 — doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80301-N
  22. ↑ F. Koyuncu Organic Acid Composition of Native Black Mulberry Fruit // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1023/B:CONC.0000048249.44206.E2
  23. ↑ F. F. Feitosa Teles, J. Warren Stull, Brown W. H. et al. Amino and organic acids of the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica L.) // J. Sci. Food Agric. — Wiley, 2006. — ISSN 0022-5142; 1097-0010 — doi:10.1002/JSFA.2740350410
  24. ↑ Djerassi C. The Non-volatile Acids of Succulent Plants Exhibiting a Marked Diurnal Oscillation in their Acid Content. II. Demonstration of Piscidic Acid as one of the Predominating Acids in Opuntia ficus-indica L.. // Acta Chemica Scandinavica — RSC, 2008. — ISSN 0904-213X; 0001-5393 — doi:10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.20-1431
  25. ↑ KAZUNO C., MIURA H. Studies on constituent of edible fungi. Part II. Chemical constituents of Pleurotus ostreatus. // 日本食品工業学会誌 — 2011. — ISSN 0029-0394 — doi:10.3136/NSKKK1962.32.338
  26. ↑ W. Greenaway, T. Scaysbrook, F.R. Whatley Phenolic analysis of bud exudate of Populus lasiocarpa by GC/MS // Phytochemistry — Elsevier BV, 2002. — 3 p. — ISSN 0031-9422; 1873-3700 — doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80758-1
  27. ↑ Parry O, JA M., FK O. The skeletal muscle relaxant action of Portulaca oleracea: role of potassium ions // J. Ethnopharmacol. — Elsevier BV, 1993. — ISSN 0378-8741; 1872-7573 — doi:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90067-F — PMID:8145574
  28. ↑ Y Chuda, H Ono, M Ohnishi-Kameyama et al. Mumefural, citric acid derivative improving blood fluidity from fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 1999. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF980960T — PMID:10552374
  29. ↑ Plekhanova T. I., Bandyukova V. A., F. Kh. Bairamkulova Chemical components of the fruit ofRosa spinosissima // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00713334
  30. ↑ MATSUI T., KITAGAWA H. Seasonal changes of cis-aconitic and malic acid contents in sugarcane. // 日本食品工業学会誌 — 2011. — ISSN 0029-0394 — doi:10.3136/NSKKK1962.33.10_740
  31. ↑ 31,0 31,1 J. Karovičová, J. Polonský, A. Príbela Composition of organic acids of Sambucus nigra and Sambucus ebulus // Mol. Nutr. Food Res. — Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. — ISSN 1613-4125; 1613-4133 — doi:10.1002/FOOD.19900340716
  32. ↑ BUSHWAY R. J., BUREAU J. L., MCGANN D. F. Determinations of Organic Acids in Potatoes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography // Journal of Food Science — Institute of Food Technologists, 2006. — ISSN 0022-1147; 1750-3841 — doi:10.1111/J.1365-2621.1984.TB13673.X
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 Saleem R., Ahmad M., Naz A. et al. Hypotensive and toxicological study of citric acid and other constituents from Tagetes patula roots // Archives of Pharmacal Research — Springer Science+Business Media, Springer Nature, Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, 2004. — ISSN 0253-6269; 1976-3786 — doi:10.1007/BF02975428 — PMID:15554261
  34. ↑ Rustanbekov R. B., Gadzhieva T. G., S. Sh. Mamedov Components of Telekia speciosa // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00633415
  35. ↑ F. Yu. Kasumov, Gadzhieva T. G. Components ofThymus transcaucasicus // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00575075
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 36,2 Krogfelt K. A., Cornett C., Christensen S. B. Hydrophilic carboxylic acids and iridoid glycosides in the juice of American and European cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon and V. oxycoccos), lingonberries (V. vitis-idaea), and blueberries (V. myrtillus). // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 2002. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF0205110 — PMID:12405790
  37. ↑ Jones O. Mixtures of similarly acting compounds in Daphnia magna: from gene to metabolite and beyond // Environ. Int. — Elsevier BV, 2010. — ISSN 0160-4120; 1873-6750 — doi:10.1016/J.ENVINT.2009.12.006 — PMID:20117838
  38. ↑ Hicks L. M., Gargouri M., Juergens M. T. The response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to nitrogen deprivation: a systems biology analysis // The Plant Journal — Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. — ISSN 0960-7412; 1365-313X — doi:10.1111/TPJ.12747 — PMID:25515814
  39. ↑ 39,0 39,1 Fang J., Wong C. 6,8-Di-C-glycosyl flavonoids from Dendrobium huoshanense // J. Nat. Prod. — ACS, 2010. — ISSN 0163-3864; 1520-6025 — doi:10.1021/NP900252F — PMID:20055483
  40. ↑ 40,0 40,1 Kuliev V. B., Gusarova N. V. Components of the fruit ofRosa nisami // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 1984. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00574362
  41. ↑ CE T., MA E., EG B. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents // J. Nat. Prod. — ACS, 1980. — ISSN 0163-3864; 1520-6025 — doi:10.1021/NP50008A001 — PMID:6991645
  42. ↑ 42,0 42,1 D. Olennikov, Tankhaeva L. M., Nikolaeva G. G. et al. Biologically Active Compounds from Cacalia hastata Leaves. 2. Carotinoids and Chlorophylls // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1023/B:CONC.0000025481.49542.8D
  43. ↑ Pucher G. W., Wakeman A. J., Vickery H. B. THE ORGANIC ACIDS OF RHUBARB (RHEUM HYBRIDUM) // J. Biol. Chem. / L. M. Gierasch — Baltimore [etc.]: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1938. — 12 p. — ISSN 0021-9258; 1083-351X; 1067-8816 — doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)73892-1
  44. ↑ Pucher G. W., Clark H. E., Vickery H. B. THE ORGANIC ACIDS OF RHUBARB (RHEUM HYBRIDUM) // J. Biol. Chem. / L. M. Gierasch — Baltimore [etc.]: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1937. — ISSN 0021-9258; 1083-351X; 1067-8816 — doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)74561-4
  45. ↑ Usenik V., Fabčič J., Štampar F. Sugars, organic acids, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) // Food Chem. — Elsevier BV, 2008. — ISSN 0308-8146; 1873-7072 — doi:10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2007.08.004
  46. ↑ Redzynia M., Sosnowska D., Podsędek A. et al. Comparison of in vitro anti-lipase and antioxidant activities, and composition of commercial chokeberry juices // International Journal of Food Research and Technology — Springer Science+Business Media, 2015. — ISSN 1438-2377; 1431-4630; 1431-4649; 1438-2385 — doi:10.1007/S00217-015-2561-4
  47. ↑ Milala J. Polyphenolic and basic chemical composition of black chokeberry industrial by-products // Industrial Crops and Products — Elsevier BV, 2013. — ISSN 0926-6690; 1872-633X — doi:10.1016/J.INDCROP.2013.08.051
  48. ↑ J. Šnebergrová, H. Čížková, E. Neradová et al. Variability of characteristic components of aronia // Czech Journal of Food Science — Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2018. — ISSN 1212-1800; 0862-8653; 1805-9317 — doi:10.17221/540/2012-CJFS
  49. ↑ Allan D. L., Cook B. D., Rosen C. J. Nitrogen Form and Solution pH Effect on Organic Acid Content of Cranberry Roots and Shoots // Hortscience — 2019. — ISSN 0018-5345; 2327-9834 — doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.4.313
  50. ↑ Coppola E. D., Conrad E. C., Cotter R. High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Major Organic Acids in Cranberry Juice // Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists — 2020. — ISSN 0004-5756 — doi:10.1093/JAOAC/61.6.1490
  51. ↑ Seeram N. P. Total cranberry extract versus its phytochemical constituents: antiproliferative and synergistic effects against human tumor cell lines // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 2004. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF0352778 — PMID:15113149
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 A. Sattikulov, Sh. V. Abdullaev, É. Kh. Batirov et al. Organic acids ofAmmothamnus lehmannii // Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Springer Science+Business Media, 1982. — ISSN 0009-3130; 1573-8388 — doi:10.1007/BF00575055
  53. ↑ Carbone V., Piacente S., Pizza C. et al. Investigation of the tuber constituents of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). // J. Agric. Food Chem. — USA: ACS, 2002. — 5 p. — ISSN 0021-8561; 1520-5118 — doi:10.1021/JF020280X — PMID:12236688
  54. ↑ R Cerana, L Giromini, R Colombo Malate-Regulated Channels Permeable to Anions in Vacuoles of Arabidopsis thaliana // Funct. Plant Biol. — CSIRO Publishing, 2006. — ISSN 1445-4408; 1445-4416 — doi:10.1071/PP9950115
  55. ↑ Zellner J. Über die chemische Zusammensetzung der Agave americana L. nebst Bemerkungen über die Chemie der Succulenten im allgemeinen. // Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie — B: Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2011. — ISSN 0018-4888 — doi:10.1515/BCHM2.1919.104.1.2
  56. ↑ Leroi A. M. Cross-platform comparison of Caenorhabditis elegans tissue extraction strategies for comprehensive metabolome coverage, Cross-Platform Comparison of Caenorhabditis elegans Tissue Extraction Strategies for Comprehensive Metabolome Coverage // Anal. Chem. / J. V. Sweedler — ACS, 2011. — ISSN 0003-2700; 1520-6882 — doi:10.1021/AC2001109 — PMID:21480661
  57. ↑ Morgan P. G., R Higdon, N Kolker et al. Comparison of proteomic and metabolomic profiles of mutants of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in Caenorhabditis elegans // Mitochondrion — Elsevier BV, 2014. — ISSN 1567-7249; 1872-8278 — doi:10.1016/J.MITO.2014.12.004 — PMID:25530493
  58. ↑ IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
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