Тереклек: юрамалар арасында аерма

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| caption1 = [[Plant]] growth in the [[Hoh Rainforest]]

 

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| caption2 = Herds of zebra and impala gathering on the [[Maasai Mara]] plain

 

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The mechanistic model of life that originated with ancient Greeks such as [[Epicurus]] was revived and expanded upon during [[scientific revolution]] of the 17th century by the French philosopher [[René Descartes]]. He held that animals and humans were assemblages of parts that together functioned as a machine. However, it would not be until the 19th century that [[cell theory]] and advances in biological science provided a sound basis for this model. The [[evolution]]ary theory of [[Charles Darwin]] (1859) provided an explanation for the form and function of all organisms through the mechanism of [[natural selection]].<ref>{{cite book | first1=Paul | last1=Thagard | title=The Cognitive Science of Science: Explanation, Discovery, and Conceptual Change | publisher=MIT Press | year=2012 | isbn=0262017288 | pages=204–205 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HrJIV19_nZYC&pg=PA204 }}</ref>

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===Гилеморфизм===

<!--[[Hylomorphism]] is the theory (originating with [[Aristotle]] (322 BC)) that all things are a combination of matter and form. Aristotle was one of the first ancient writers to approach the subject of life in a scientific way. Biology was one of his main interests, and there is extensive biological material in his extant writings. According to him, all things in the material universe have both matter and form. The form of a living thing is its [[Soul (spirit)|soul]] (Greek ''psyche'', Latin ''anima''). There are three kinds of souls: the "vegetative soul" of plants, which causes them to grow and decay and nourish themselves, but does not cause motion and sensation; the "animal soul" which causes animals to move and feel; and the rational soul which is the source of consciousness and reasoning which (Aristotle believed) is found only in man.<ref>Aristotle, ''[[On the Soul|De Anima]]'', Book II</ref> Each higher soul has all the attributes of the lower one. Aristotle believed that while matter can exist without form, form cannot exist without matter, and therefore the soul cannot exist without the body.<ref>{{cite book | first1=Don | last1=Marietta | page=104 | title=Introduction to ancient philosophy | publisher=M. E. Sharpe | year=1998 | isbn=0765602164 | url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Introduction_to_Ancient_Philosophy.html?id=Gz-8PsrT32AC }}</ref>